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Monsters are an important element of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game. Since the game's first edition in 1974, a bestiary was included along other game manuals, first called ''Monsters & Treasure'' and now commonly called the ''Monster Manual''. Described as an "essential" part of ''Dungeons & Dragons'', the game's monsters have become notable in their own right, influencing fields such as video games and fiction, as well as popular culture.〔''The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters''. Ed. Jeffrey Weinstock. 2014.〕 The term ''monster'' in ''Dungeons & Dragons'' can refer to a variety of creatures, including traditional monsters such as dragons, supernatural creatures such as ghosts, and mundane or fantastic animals—in short, "an enormous heterogeneous collection of natural and monstrous foes."〔(“Masters of the Wild”: Animals and the Environment in Dungeons & Dragons ). Chrulew, Matthew.〕 ==Origins== The sources of ''Dungeons & Dragons'' monsters are diverse, including mythology, medieval bestiaries, science-fiction and fantasy literature, and film. In game books, monsters are typically presented with illustrations, fictional elements, and game statistics. Monsters are adapted to fit the needs of the game's writers and publishers, such as by describing combat abilities that may have been absent or only implied by an original source. In a few major cases, names taken from the works of J.R.R. Tolkien had to be changed due to copyright disputes (such as the balor, originally named Balrog), and fictional elements were altered to further distance the works.〔 Original monsters have also been included in ''Dungeons & Dragons'', and these are among the game's most memorable. Monsters such as the gelatinous cube have been described as "uniquely weird,"〔 inspired by unusual sources or designed to suit the particular needs of a role-playing game. The rust monster and owlbear, for instance, were based on toys purchased at a discount store.〔("Owlbears, Rust Monsters, and Bulettes, Oh My! ) Tony DiTerlizzi.〕 The mimic disguises itself as a chest, thwarting players expecting to find treasure.〔(The 10 Most Memorable Dungeons & Dragons Monsters ).〕 Because of their broad, inclusive background, ''D&D'' monsters have been called a pastiche of sources, freely combining qualities of classical works as well as modern or wholly original creations.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monsters in Dungeons & Dragons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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